E-grāmata: Visual Brain in Action

Preface to the Second Edition		vii
Foreword to the First Edition		xi
Preface to the First Edition		xiii
Figure Acknowledgements		xv
Introduction: vision from a biological viewpoint		1	(24)
Input pathways of the mammalian visual system		2	(3)
The evolution of vision in vertebrates		5	(7)
The functions of vision		5	(2)
Visuomotor modules in non-mammalian vertebrates		7	(5)
Mammalian vision		12	(13)
Traditional approaches		12	(2)
Visuomotor modules in mammals		14	(7)
`Two visual systems' hypotheses		21	(4)
Visual processing in the primate visual cortex		25	(42)
Evidence for parallel processing in retinal ganglion cells		25	(2)
`On' and `off' responses		25	(1)
X, Y, and W cells		26	(1)
Parallel channels within the primate geniculostriate pathway		27	(6)
Magno and parvo channels		27	(4)
Magno and parvo projections to the extrastriate cortex		31	(2)
Does magno/parvo map onto dorsal/ventral?		33	(6)
The Livingstone and Hubel proposal		33	(1)
Contrary evidence		34	(2)
Extrageniculate inputs		36	(2)
Summary		38	(1)
The organization of the dorsal and ventral streams: a proposed model		39	(3)
Visual processing within the dorsal stream		42	(16)
Neuronal activity and visuomotor guidance		42	(3)
Coding of space for action		45	(1)
Coding of visual motion for action		46	(5)
Coding of object properties for action		51	(3)
Modularity within the dorsal stream		54	(4)
Visual processing within the ventral stream		58	(7)
Neuronal coding for visual perception and recognition		58	(5)
What is visual perception for?		63	(2)
Conclusions: perception versus action		65	(2)
`Cortical blindness'		67	(20)
Introduction		67	(1)
`Blindsight': action without perception?		68	(17)
`Cortical blindness'		68	(1)
The pupillary response and GSR		69	(1)
Guidance of reaching and grasping		70	(7)
Detection and discrimination in blindsight		77	(4)
Colour processing in blindsight		81	(2)
Motion processing in blindsight		83	(2)
Why is blindsight blind?		85	(1)
Conclusions		86	(1)
Disorders of spatial perception and the visual control of action		87	(34)
Space: egocentric and allocentric coding		88	(4)
Disorders in the visual control of action: the Balint--Holmes syndrome		92	(14)
Disorders of reaching: `optic ataxia' or `disorientation'?		92	(4)
Visually guided eye movements		96	(1)
Disorders of grasping		96	(6)
Evidence from monkeys		102	(4)
Disorders of spatial perception in humans		106	(7)
Is `visual--spatial agnosia' a myth?		106	(4)
Higher level representations of space: a confluence of the dorsal and ventral streams?		110	(2)
Is the right parietal lobe `dominant' for space?		112	(1)
`Visuospatial' deficits in the monkey		113	(6)
The landmark task		113	(4)
Route finding		117	(1)
Behavioural deficits caused by posterior parietal lesions		118	(1)
What is the visual function of the parietal lobe?		119	(2)
Disorders of visual recognition		121	(36)
Types of agnosia		121	(2)
Visual form agnosia		123	(3)
Pathology		123	(2)
The symptoms of visual form agnosia		125	(1)
Patient D.F.: a case history of visual form agnosia		126	(19)
Deficits in visual perception		126	(2)
Preserved visuomotor abilities		128	(6)
What visual pathways are damaged in D.F.?		134	(3)
Limits on D.F.'s visual coding for action		137	(6)
Tricks and strategies		143	(2)
`Apperceptive agnosia' and the right hemisphere		145	(5)
`Transformation agnosia'		145	(2)
`Topographical agnosia'		147	(3)
`Associative agnosia' and the left hemisphere		150	(1)
Agnosia in monkeys?		151	(4)
Recognition deficits		151	(3)
Spared visuomotor abilities		154	(1)
Summary		155	(2)
Dissociations between perception and action in normal subjects		157	(24)
Introduction		157	(1)
Different frames of reference for perception and action		157	(8)
Movements to remembered places: a possible role for perception in the control of action?		165	(3)
Illusory size distortions		168	(3)
Grasping remembered objects		171	(3)
Differences between perceptual and visuomotor memory		174	(1)
Perceptual stability and postural adjustment		175	(2)
Distance judgements and the calibration of locomotion		177	(1)
Conclusions		178	(3)
Attention, consciousness, and the coordination of behaviour		181	(26)
Streams within streams		181	(1)
Attention		182	(10)
Attention and consciousness		182	(4)
Physiological studies of visual attention		186	(6)
The `neglect syndrome'		192	(10)
Hemispatial neglect		192	(6)
Visual extinction		198	(1)
Directional hypokinesia		199	(1)
Is there a neglect `syndrome'?		200	(2)
Consciousness and attention		202	(2)
The integrated action of perceptual and visuomotor systems		204	(3)
Epilogue: twelve years on		207	(46)
New insights into the ventral and dorsal streams		208	(13)
The functional organization of the ventral stream		208	(7)
The functional organization of the dorsal stream		215	(4)
Mirror neurones: an interaction between the two streams		219	(2)
From consciousness to action		221	(14)
The roles of the dorsal and ventral streams in visual awareness		221	(7)
Knowledge and action		228	(3)
The role of attention in integrating the two streams in adaptive behaviour		231	(4)
Operating principles of the dorsal stream: new insights		235	(4)
Does the dorsal stream care about non-target objects?		235	(2)
The dorsal stream as an `automatic pilot'		237	(2)
Spatial and temporal constraints on perception and visuomotor control		239	(12)
Metrics and frames of reference		239	(1)
Action and illusion		240	(5)
Reaching into the past		245	(3)
Learning new skills		248	(3)
The Future		251	(2)
References		253	(42)
Index		295

Professor Milner gained his first degree in Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology, at the University of Oxford in 1965, and went on to obtain a Postgraduate Diploma in Psychology (Abnormal) from the University of London in 1966. He was awarded a PhD in Experimental Psychology from the University of London in 1971. He worked as a MRC Research Assistant with the late Dr George Ettlinger at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, between 1966 and 1970 before moving to the University of St Andrews. Here he held a number of positions, including Professor of Neuropsychology and Dean of the Faculty of Science, until he left in 2000 to take up his current position as Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Durham. Professor Milner has given numerous invited lectures, and has published 6 books and over 130 book chapters and refereed journal articles. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1992.

Professor Goodale has published more than 150 chapters and research articles, and is a frequent invited speaker at international meetings. In addition to his research activities, he has been active in developing the graduate program in Neuroscience at Western, for which he was awarded the prestigious E.G. Pleva Award for Contributions to Teaching in 1994. Professor Goodale serves on the editorial board of a number of journals including Experimental Brain Research, Neuropsychologia, Debates in Neuroscience, and Advances in Cognitive Psychology. He is the past-President of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness. In 1999, Professor Goodale was awarded the D.O Hebb Award by the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Science in recognition of his distinguished scientific achievements. In 2001, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2006, Professor Goodale was award tthe Hellmuth Prize for Achievement in Research.