| Preface |
|
xxi | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxiii | |
| Part I: Foundations |
|
|
1 Introduction: The Citizen and Government |
|
|
2 | (26) |
|
Government Affects Our Lives Every Day |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
Trust in Government Has Declined |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Political Efficacy Means People Can Make a Difference |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
"Digital Citizenship" Is the Newest Way to Participate |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled |
|
|
9 | (3) |
|
Different Forms of Government Are Defined by Power and Freedom |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Limits on Governments Encouraged Freedom |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Expansion of Participation in America Changed the Political Balance |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
The Goal of Politics Is Having a Say in What Happens |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time |
|
|
12 | (7) |
|
Immigration and Increasing Ethnic Diversity Have Long Caused Intense Debate |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Today the Country Still Confronts the Question "Who Are Americans?" |
|
|
14 | (5) |
|
America Side By Side Global Diversity |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Equality Means Treating People Fairly |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Democracy Means That What the People Want Matters |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
American Political Values and Your Future |
|
|
21 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Who Participated in the 2012 Presidential Election? |
|
|
23 | (3) |
|
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
2 The Founding and the Constitution |
|
|
28 | (36) |
|
The First Founding: Ideals, Interests, and Conflicts |
|
|
31 | (5) |
|
Narrow Interests and Political Conflicts Shaped the First Founding |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
British Taxes Hurt Colonial Economic Interests |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Political Strife Radicalized the Colonists |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
The Declaration of Independence Explained Why the Colonists Wanted to Break with Great Britain |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
The Articles of Confederation Created America's First National Government |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
The Failure of the Articles of Confederation Made the "Second Founding" Necessary |
|
|
36 | (5) |
|
The Annapolis Convention Was Key to Calling a National Convention |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Shays's Rebellion Showed How Weak the Government Was |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
The Constitutional Convention Didn't Start Out to Write a New Constitution |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
The Constitution Created Both Bold Powers and Sharp Limits on Power |
|
|
41 | (8) |
|
The Legislative Branch Was Designed to Be the Most Powerful |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
The Executive Branch Created a Brand New Office |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
The Judicial Branch Was a Check on Too Much Democracy |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
National Unity and Power Set the New Constitution Apart from the Old Articles |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
The Constitution Establishes the Process for Amendment |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
The Constitution Sets Forth Rules for Its Own Ratification |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
The Constitution Limits the National Government's Power |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
Ratification of the Constitution Was Difficult |
|
|
49 | (5) |
|
Federalists and Antifederalists Fought Bitterly over the Wisdom of the New Constitution |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
Both Federalists and Antifederalists Contributed to the Success of the New System |
|
|
52 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Comparing Systems of Government |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Constitutional Amendments Dramatically Changed the Relationship between Citizens and the Government |
|
|
54 | (4) |
|
Amendments: Many Are Called; Few Are Chosen |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
The Amendment Process Reflects "Higher Law" |
|
|
55 | (3) |
|
The Constitution and Your Future |
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Gained the Right to Vote through Amendments? |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (30) |
|
Federalism Shapes American Politics |
|
|
67 | (4) |
|
Federalism Comes from the Constitution |
|
|
67 | (4) |
|
The Definition of Federalism Has Changed Radically over Time |
|
|
71 | (12) |
|
Federalism under the "Traditional System" Gave Most Powers to the States |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
The Supreme Court Paved the Way for the End of the "Traditional System" |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
FDR's New Deal Remade the Government |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Changing Court Interpretations of Federalism Helped the New Deal While Preserving States' Rights |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
Cooperative Federalism Pushes States to Achieve National Goals |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
National Standards Have Been Advanced through Federal Programs |
|
|
79 | (4) |
|
America Side By Side Government Spending in Federal and Unitary Systems |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
New Federalism Means More State Control |
|
|
83 | (5) |
|
There Is No Simple Answer to Finding the Right National-State Balance |
|
|
84 | (4) |
|
Federalism and Your Future |
|
|
88 | (3) |
|
Who Participates? Who Participates in State and Local Politics? |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
4 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights |
|
|
94 | (48) |
|
The Origin of the Bill of Rights Lies in Those Who Opposed the Constitution |
|
|
97 | (4) |
|
The Fourteenth Amendment Nationalized the Bill of Rights through Incorporation |
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
The First Amendment Guarantees Freedom of Religion |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
Separation between Church and State Comes from the First Amendment |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Free Exercise of Religion Means You Have a Right to Your Beliefs |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and of the Press Ensure the Free Exchange of Ideas |
|
|
103 | (6) |
|
Political Speech Is Consistently Protected |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Symbolic Speech, Speech Plus, Assembly, and Petition Are Highly Protected |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
Freedom of the Press Is Broad |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Some Speech Has Only Limited Protection |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
The Second Amendment Now Protects an Individual's Right to Own a Gun |
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
Rights of the Criminally Accused Are Based on Due Process of Law |
|
|
111 | (5) |
|
The Fourth Amendment Protects against Unlawful Searches and Seizures |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
The Fifth Amendment Covers Court-Related Rights |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
The Sixth Amendment's Right to Counsel Is Crucial for a Fair Trial |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
The Eighth Amendment Bars Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
The Right to Privacy Means the Right to Be Left Alone |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
Civil Rights Are Protections by the Government |
|
|
118 | (8) |
|
Plessy v. Ferguson Established "Separate but Equal" |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Lawsuits to Fight for Equality Came after World War II |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
The Civil Rights Struggle Escalated after Brown v. Board of Education |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
The Civil Rights Acts Made Equal Protection a Reality |
|
|
122 | (4) |
|
The Civil Rights Struggle Was Extended to Other Disadvantaged Groups |
|
|
126 | (8) |
|
Americans Have Fought Gender Discrimination |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
Latinos and Asian Americans Fight for Rights |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Native Americans Have Sovereignty but Still Lack Rights |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Disabled Americans Won a Great Victory in 1990 |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Gay Men and Lesbians Have Gained Significant Legal Ground |
|
|
131 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side Same-Sex Marriage around the World |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Affirmative Action Attempts to Right Past Wrongs |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court Shifts the Burden of Proof in Affirmative Action |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Civil Liberties, Civil Rights, and Your Future |
|
|
135 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Religious Affiliation and Freedom of Religion |
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
|
|
141 | (1) |
| Part II: Politics |
|
|
|
|
142 | (32) |
|
Public Opinion Represents Attitudes about Politics |
|
|
145 | (5) |
|
Americans Share Common Political Values |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
America's Dominant Political Ideologies Are Liberalism and Conservatism |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Americans Exhibit Low Trust in Government |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Political Socialization Shapes Public Opinion |
|
|
150 | (6) |
|
Political Knowledge Is Important in Shaping Public Opinion |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
The Media and Government Mold Opinion |
|
|
158 | (3) |
|
The Government Leads Public Opinion |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
Private Groups Also Shape Public Opinion |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
The News Media's Message Affects Public Opinion |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
Government Policies Also Respond to Public Opinion |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
Measuring Public Opinion Is Crucial to Understanding What It Is |
|
|
161 | (7) |
|
Public-Opinion Surveys Are Accurate If Done Properly |
|
|
161 | (4) |
|
America Side By Side Public Opinion on Climate Change |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
Why Are Some Polls Wrong? |
|
|
165 | (3) |
|
Public Opinion, Democracy, and Your Future |
|
|
168 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Expresses Their Political Opinions? |
|
|
169 | (3) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
174 | (28) |
|
Traditional Media Have Always Mattered in a Democracy |
|
|
177 | (5) |
|
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
More Media Outlets Are Owned by Fewer Companies |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
The Rise of New Media Has Strongly Influenced How Americans Get Their News |
|
|
182 | (7) |
|
Online News Takes Many Forms |
|
|
183 | (4) |
|
New Media Have Many Benefits |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
But New Media Raise Several Concerns |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
The Media Affect Power Relations in American Politics |
|
|
189 | (7) |
|
The Media Influence Public Opinion through Agenda-Setting, Framing, and Priming |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Leaked Information Can Come from Government Officials or Independent Sources |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Adversarial Journalism Has Risen in Recent Years |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Broadcast Media Are Regulated but Not Print Media |
|
|
193 | (12) |
|
America Side By Side Press Freedom around the world |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
The Media, Democracy, and Your Future |
|
|
196 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Participates via Social Media? |
|
|
197 | (3) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
7 Political Parties, Participation, and Elections |
|
|
202 | (42) |
|
Parties and Elections Have Been Vital to American Politics and Government |
|
|
205 | (4) |
|
Political Parties Arose from the Electoral Process |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Parties Recruit Candidates |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Parties Organize Nominations |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Parties Help Get Out the Vote |
|
|
206 | (2) |
|
Parties Organize Power in Congress |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Presidents Need Political Parties |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
America Is One of the Few Nations with a Two-Party System |
|
|
209 | (9) |
|
Electoral Realignments Define Party Systems in American History |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
American Third Parties Sometimes Change the Major Parties and Election Outcomes |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
Group Affiliations Are Based on Voters' Psychological Ties to One of the Parties |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Political Participation Takes Both Traditional and Digital Forms |
|
|
218 | (7) |
|
Voting Is the Most Important Form of Traditional Participation |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Digital Political Participation Is Surging |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
Voter Turnout in America Is Low |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side Voter Turnout in Comparison |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Voters Decide Based on Party, Issues, and Candidate |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
Party Loyalty Is Important |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Issues Can Shape an Election |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Candidate Characteristics Are More Important in the Media Age |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
The Electoral Process Has Many Levels and Rules |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
The Electoral College Still Organizes Presidential Elections |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (6) |
|
The 2016 Primaries Reflected Divisions within Both Parties |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
The General Election Was Bitterly Fought |
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
White Working-Class Voters Were Key to Trump's Victory |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
The 2016 Election Raised Important Questions About the Future |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
Money Is the Mother's Milk of Politics |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
Campaign Funds Come from Direct Appeals, the Rich, PACs, and Parties |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
Political Parties, Elections, and Your Future |
|
|
238 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Voted in 2012? |
|
|
239 | (3) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
244 | (28) |
|
Interest Groups Form to Advocate for Different Interests |
|
|
247 | (4) |
|
What Interests Are Represented? |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Labor Union Membership in Global Decline |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Some Interests Are Not Represented |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Group Membership Has an Upper-Class Bias |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
The Organizational Components of Groups Include Money, Offices, and Members |
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
The Internet Has Changed the Way Interest Groups Foster Participation |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
The Number of Groups Has Increased in Recent Decades |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
The Expansion of Government Has Spurred the Growth of Groups |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Public Interest Groups Grew in the 1960s and '70s |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Interest Groups Use Different Strategies to Gain Influence |
|
|
256 | (9) |
|
Direct Lobbying Combines Education, Persuasion, and Pressure |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Cultivating Access Means Getting the Attention of Decision Makers |
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
Using the Courts (Litigation) Can Be Highly Effective |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Mobilizing Public Opinion Brings Wider Attention to an Issue |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
Groups Often Use Electoral Politics |
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
Groups, Interests, and Your Future |
|
|
265 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? How Much Do Major Groups Spend? |
|
|
267 | (3) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
|
271 | (1) |
| Part III: Institutions |
|
|
|
|
272 | (40) |
|
Congress Represents the American People |
|
|
275 | (11) |
|
The House and Senate Offer Differences in Representation |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Representation Can Be Sociological or Agency |
|
|
276 | (3) |
|
The Electoral Connection Hinges on Incumbency |
|
|
279 | (5) |
|
Direct Patronage Means Bringing Home the Bacon |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
The Organization of Congress Is Shaped by Party |
|
|
286 | (5) |
|
Party Leadership in the House and the Senate Organizes Power |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
The Committee System Is the Core of Congress |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
The Staff System Is the Power behind the Power |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Legislatures in Comparison |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Rules of Lawmaking Explain How a Bill Becomes a Law |
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
The First Step Is Committee Deliberation |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Debate Is Less Restricted in the Senate Than in the House |
|
|
291 | (3) |
|
Conference Committees Reconcile House and Senate Versions of Legislation |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
The President's Veto Controls the Flow of Legislation |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Several Factors Influence How Congress Decides |
|
|
295 | (6) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Interest Groups Influence Constituents and Congress |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Party Leaders Rely on Party Discipline |
|
|
296 | (4) |
|
Partisanship Has Thwarted the Ability of Congress to Decide |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Much Congressional Energy Goes to Tasks Other Than Lawmaking |
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
Congress Oversees How Legislation Is Implemented |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Special Senate Powers Include Advice and Consent |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Impeachment Is the Power to Remove Top Officials |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Who Elects Congress? |
|
|
305 | (3) |
|
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (30) |
|
Presidential Power Is Rooted in the Constitution |
|
|
315 | (9) |
|
Expressed Powers Come Directly from the Words of the Constitution |
|
|
316 | (5) |
|
Delegated Powers Come from Congress |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
Modern Presidents Have Claimed Inherent Powers |
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Executive Branches in Comparison |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Institutional Resources of Presidential Power Are Numerous |
|
|
324 | (4) |
|
The Cabinet Is Often Distant from the President |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
The White House Staff Constitutes the President's Eyes and Ears |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
The Executive Office of the President Is a Visible Sign of the Modern Strong Presidency |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
The Vice Presidency Has Become More Important since the 1970s |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
The First Spouse Has Become Important to Policy |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Party, Popular Mobilization, and Administration Make Presidents Stronger |
|
|
328 | (8) |
|
Going Public Means Trying to Whip Up the People |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
The Administrative Strategy Increases Presidential Control |
|
|
331 | (3) |
|
Presidential Power Has Limits |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
The Presidency and Your Future |
|
|
336 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Who Voted for Donald Trump in 2016? |
|
|
337 | (3) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (28) |
|
Bureaucracy Exists to Improve Efficiency |
|
|
345 | (6) |
|
Bureaucrats Fulfill Important Roles |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
The Size of the Federal Service Has Actually Declined |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
The Executive Branch Is Organized Hierarchically |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Federal Bureaucracies Promote Welfare and Security |
|
|
351 | (8) |
|
Federal Bureaucracies Promote the Public Welfare |
|
|
351 | (4) |
|
America Side By Side Bureaucracy in Comparison |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
Federal Agencies Provide for National Security |
|
|
355 | (2) |
|
Federal Bureaucracies Help to Maintain a Strong National Economy |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
Several Forces Control Bureaucracy |
|
|
359 | (5) |
|
The President as Chief Executive Can Direct Agencies |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
Congress Promotes Responsible Bureaucracy |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
Can the Bureaucracy Be Reformed? |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Bureaucracy, Democracy, and Your Future |
|
|
364 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Getting Information from the Bureaucracy |
|
|
365 | (3) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (32) |
|
The Legal System Settles Disputes |
|
|
373 | (4) |
|
Court Cases Proceed under Criminal and Civil Law |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Types of Courts Include Trial, Appellate, and Supreme |
|
|
374 | (3) |
|
The Federal Courts Hear a Small Percentage of All Cases |
|
|
377 | (5) |
|
The Lower Federal Courts Handle Most Cases |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
The Appellate Courts Hear 20 Percent of Lower-Court Cases |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
The Supreme Court Is the Court of Final Appeal |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Judges Are Appointed by the President and Approved by the Senate |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
The Power of the Supreme Court Is Judicial Review |
|
|
382 | (4) |
|
Judicial Review Covers Acts of Congress |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
America Side By Side Judicial Review across the Globe |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review Applies to Presidential Actions |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Judicial Review Also Applies to State Actions |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Most Cases Reach the Supreme Court by Appeal |
|
|
386 | (6) |
|
The Solicitor General, Law Clerks, and Interest Groups Also Influence the Flow of Cases |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
The Supreme Court's Procedures Mean Cases May Take Months or Years |
|
|
389 | (3) |
|
Supreme Court Decisions Are Influenced by Activism and Ideology |
|
|
392 | (3) |
|
The Federal Judiciary and Your Future |
|
|
395 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Influencing the Supreme Court? |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
| Part IV: Policy |
|
|
|
|
402 | (36) |
|
The Tools for Making Policy Are Techniques of Control |
|
|
405 | (7) |
|
Promotional Policies Get People to Do Things by Giving Them Rewards |
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
Regulatory Policies Are Rules Backed by Penalties |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Redistributive Policies Affect Broad Classes of People |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Should the Government Intervene in the Economy? |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Social Policy and the Welfare System Buttress Equality |
|
|
412 | (6) |
|
The History of the Government Welfare System Dates Only to the 1930s |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
The Social Security Act of 1935 Was the Foundation of the Welfare System |
|
|
413 | (3) |
|
Welfare Reform Has Dominated the Welfare Agenda in Recent Years |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
The Cycle of Poverty Can Be Broken by Education, Health, and Housing Policies |
|
|
418 | (8) |
|
Education Policies Provide Life Tools |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
Health Policies Mean Fewer Sick Days |
|
|
420 | (5) |
|
America Side By Side U.S. Education Policy: Lagging or Leading? |
|
|
421 | (4) |
|
Housing Policies Provide Residential Stability |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Social Policy Spending Benefits the Middle Class More Than the Poor |
|
|
426 | (5) |
|
Senior Citizens Receive over a Third of All Federal Dollars |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
The Middle and Upper Classes Benefit from Social Policies |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
The Working Poor Receive Fewer Benefits |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Spending for the Nonworking Poor Is Declining |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Minorities, Women, and Children Are Most Likely to Face Poverty |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Domestic Policy and Your Future |
|
|
431 | (5) |
|
Who Participates? Who Pays Taxes? |
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | |
|
Foreign Policy Goals Are Related |
|
|
441 | (7) |
|
Security Is Based on Military Strength |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
Economic Prosperity Helps All Nations |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
America Seeks a More Humane World |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
America Side By Side Trade in Comparison |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
American Foreign Policy Is Shaped by Government and Nongovernment Actors |
|
|
448 | (5) |
|
The President Leads Foreign Policy |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
The Bureaucracy Implements and Informs Policy Decisions |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Congress's Legal Authority Can Be Decisive |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
Interest Groups Pressure Foreign Policy Decision Makers |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Tools of American Foreign Policy Include Diplomacy, Force, and Money |
|
|
453 | (5) |
|
Diplomacy Is the Master Policy Tool |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
The United Nations Is the World's Congress |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
The International Monetary Structure Helps Provide Economic Stability |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Economic Aid Has Two Sides |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Collective Security Is Designed to Deter War |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Military Force Is "Politics by Other Means" |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Arbitration Resolves Disputes |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Foreign Policy, Democracy, and Your Future |
|
|
458 | (4) |
|
Who Participates? Public Opinion on Security Issues |
|
|
459 | (3) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | |
| Appendix |
|
|
The Declaration of Independence |
|
|
A1 | |
|
The Articles of Confederation |
|
|
A5 | |
|
The Constitution of the United States of America All Amendments to the Constitution |
|
|
A22 | |
|
|
|
A31 | |
|
The Anti-Federalist Papers |
|
|
A40 | |
|
Presidents and Vice Presidents |
|
|
A48 | |
| Glossary |
|
A51 | |
| Endnotes |
|
A65 | |
| Answer Key |
|
A95 | |
| Credits |
|
A97 | |
| Index |
|
A99 | |
