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E-grāmata: World of Crime: Breaking the Silence on Problems of Security, Justice and Development Across the World

3.50/5 (4 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Dec-2007
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781506320892
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Dec-2007
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781506320892
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"This book is important for students who want to put domestic crime and justice issues and criminological theories in an international perspective....It is more than likely that this book will also interest all those who are professionally or privately interested in issues of crime, corruption, terrorism, law enforcement, criminal justice and sustainable development."

-Johnson Thomas, BUSINESS INDIA



In today's interdependent world, governments must become more transparent about their crime and justice problems. The World of Crime: Breaking the Silence on Problems of Security, Justice and Development Across the World seeks to break the “conspiracy of silence” regarding statistical information on these sensitive issues. It subsequently analyzes the macro causes of crime such as rapid urbanization, economic inequality, gender discrimination, abuse of alcohol, and drugs and availability of guns. Furthermore, the book analyzes the impact of crime on individuals and societies. Using a wealth of statistical information, the author underlines the need of greater international efforts to tackle transnational problems of crime.

Key Features

  • Presents 13 chapters, which are organized in 4 main parts, that cover measurement challenges, common crimes, emerging global crimes, criminal justice, and international perspectives on crime and justice
  • Contains statistical data taken from 2005 International Crime Victim Surveys
  • Includes high quality figures such as scatter plots, graphs, and maps
  • Features summary reviews and figure footnotes at the ends of each chapter

Intended Audience: The book is intended as a supplementary text for introduction to criminology, criminal justice, and comparative justice courses and is also appropriate for those professionally interested in security, criminal justice and development.

Recenzijas

"This book is important for students who want to put domestic crime and justice issues and criminological theories in an international perspective....It is more than likely that this book will also interest all those who are professionally or privately interested in issues of crime, corruption, terrorism, law enforcement, criminal justice and sustainable development." -- Johnson Thomas * BUSINESS INDIA *

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xvii
PART I The Challenge of Measuring Crime Internationally
1(44)
The Need for Better Crime Diagnostics
3(12)
The Uses of International Crime Statistics
3(1)
International Crime Statistics: The Sorry State of the Art
4(2)
Crime as a Social Construct
6(1)
International Crime Statistics as Controversial Knowledge
7(1)
Twenty Years of Thwarted Efforts
8(2)
ICVS: Bringing the Bad News
10(2)
Breaking the Silence
12(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
13(2)
Mismeasuring Crime: A Technical Note With Far-Reaching Implications
15(30)
International Crime Figures Available
15(1)
A Crime Is a Crime?
16(1)
Recording Practices of the Police
17(1)
Reporting Patterns
18(1)
The Breakthrough of Crime Victimization Surveys
19(4)
Victim Satisfaction and Trust Levels
23(1)
The More Recorded Crime, the Less Crime?
24(2)
Police-Recorded Crime and Victimization Rates Compared
26(7)
Other Uses of Police-Recorded Crime Statistics
33(1)
Police Figures as Trend Indicators
34(3)
A Moratorium on International Police Figures?
37(3)
The Political Context of Crime Surveying
40(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
41(4)
PART II Common Crimes Across the World
45(98)
The Burden of Property Crime
47(28)
Introducing the ICVS
47(2)
Overall Levels of Crime
49(4)
Other Measures of the Crime Burden
53(1)
Burglary
54(3)
Theft and Frauds
57(3)
Consumer Fraud
59(1)
Car Crimes
60(4)
Car Theft and Joyriding
61(2)
Car Hijacking
63(1)
Robbery
64(2)
Kidnapping
66(2)
The Heavy Crime Burden of the Business Sector
68(3)
Costs for Businesses
70(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
71(4)
Patterns of Violent Crime
75(16)
Homicide
75(3)
National Homicide Rates
77(1)
Assault
78(2)
Hate Crimes in Western Europe
80(2)
Sexual Assault/Rape
82(5)
Violence Against Women Revisited
85(2)
Toward Further Standardization
87(1)
Child Abuse and the Cycle of Violence
87(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
88(3)
Determinants of Common Crimes
91(32)
Comparative Perspectives
91(1)
Urbanization and Crime
92(2)
Regional Patterns and Future Trends of Urbanization
94(1)
Demographics and Crime
95(3)
Future Demographic Trends
97(1)
Affluence and Crime
98(1)
Mass Transportation and Crime
99(2)
Patterns of Vehicle Theft at Second Sight
101(1)
More Affluence, Less Crime?
102(2)
Development and Crime Revisited
104(1)
Correlates of Violence
104(3)
Poverty and Inequality
105(1)
Criminal Victimization and Gender Inequality
105(2)
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
107(5)
Alcohol Abuse and Violence
109(2)
Trends in Alcohol Consumption
111(1)
Availability of Guns
112(7)
Firearms and Violent Crime
113(4)
Guns and Violence in Developing Countries
117(2)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
119(4)
Global Trends and Regional Profiles
123(20)
Global Trends in Common Crimes
123(3)
European Trends in Focus
126(1)
Trends in Police-Recorded Crimes
127(1)
Explaining the Drop in Crime
128(7)
Responsive Securitization and the Drop in Crime
129(4)
Security Measures and Trends in Burglary Victimization Rates
133(1)
Security Measures and Trends in Car Theft and Joyriding
134(1)
The Growing North-South Security Divide
135(1)
The Asian Exception
136(1)
Crime and Conflict
136(2)
Latin America: The Price of Democracy
138(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
139(4)
PART III Emerging Global Crime Threats
143(62)
Assessing Organized Crime
145(36)
The New Crime Threats
145(1)
Defining Organized Crime
146(1)
The Changing Nature of Organized Crime
147(1)
Illicit Markets
148(2)
The Pressure to Measure
150(7)
Victimization Surveys Among the Business Community About Organized Crime
151(3)
Toward an Organized-Crime Perception Index
154(3)
Other ``Markers'' of Organized-Crime Presence
157(1)
Instrumental Violence
157(5)
The Organized-Crime-Corruption Complex
159(2)
Money Laundering and the Black Economy
161(1)
Composite Organized-Crime Index
162(2)
Country Scores
164(3)
Fifteen Countries With the Highest Scores
164(3)
Trends in Organized Crime
167(1)
Participation of National Organized-Crime Groups in Specific Criminal Markets
168(2)
Trafficking in Persons
170(2)
Organized Car Theft
172(1)
The Intercorrelates of Crime
173(1)
Tentative Transnational Responses
173(3)
The U.S. Report on Trafficking in Persons
176(2)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
178(3)
Other Global Security Threats: Corruption, Terrorism, and Cybercrime
181(24)
Defining Corruption
181(1)
Corruption Indicators: Perceptions and Experiences
182(3)
Assessing the Merits of Objective and Subjective Indicators
185(2)
Corruption Victimizations in the Corporate World
187(2)
Business Crime Surveys
189(1)
Patterns and Trends in Terrorist Crimes
190(6)
The Incidence of Terrorism
192(1)
Trends in Terrorism
192(1)
Correlates of Terrorism
193(1)
Terrorism and Organized Crime
194(2)
Cybercrime: Trends in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Crimes
196(5)
Computer-Facilitated Crime
197(1)
Internet-Based Fraud and Credit-Card Fraud
198(1)
No Asian Exception
199(1)
Computers, Organized Crime, and Terrorism
200(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
201(4)
PART IV International Trends in Criminal Justice
205(70)
Law Enforcement, Crime Prevention, and Victim Assistance
207(38)
Trends in Criminal Justice Resources
207(1)
Allocation of Resources to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
208(3)
Human Resources for Police and Private Security
211(3)
Police Workloads
214(1)
The Private Security Industry
215(4)
Trends in Private Policing
217(2)
More Police, Less Crime?
219(6)
Homicide Conviction Rates as a Performance Measure
219(2)
Toward a Composite Index for Police Performance
221(2)
Resources, Performance, and Integrity
223(2)
Victim Empowerment and Support
225(9)
Victim Reception by the Police
226(2)
Trends in Victim Satisfaction
228(2)
Victim Support Services
230(2)
Implementing the UN Victims Declaration
232(2)
International Best Practices in Crime Prevention
234(1)
Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime
235(3)
Evidence-Based Approaches
238(5)
Planning and Implementation
240(3)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
243(2)
Courts and Sentencing
245(12)
Judges and Magistrates
245(2)
Gender Balance in the Courts
247(1)
Perceived Independence and Integrity of the Judiciary
248(4)
Toward an International Code of Conduct for Judges
252(1)
Public Attitudes Toward Sentencing
253(3)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
256(1)
Corrections: A Global Perspective
257(18)
Trends in Imprisonment Rates
257(1)
National Prison Populations
258(1)
Expanding Use of Imprisonment
259(1)
Interpreting Imprisonment Rates
260(1)
Costs and Limits of Imprisonment
261(3)
The Search for Alternatives
264(1)
Benchmarking Imprisonment Rates
265(5)
An Index of Punitiveness
270(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
271(4)
PART V International Perspectives on Crime and Justice
275(46)
Security, Rule of Law, and Sustainable Development
277(22)
Introductory Remarks
277(1)
Legal Institutions and the Level of Complex Crime
278(2)
Organized Crime and the Rule of Law
280(2)
Rule of Law and Terrorism
282(2)
Trafficking in Persons and Police Performance
284(2)
Good Governance and Development
286(2)
Good Governance, Development, and the Role of Crime
288(2)
Organized Crime as a Trojan Horse
290(3)
Vicious Crimino-Economic Circles
293(1)
Summary Points/In Conclusion
294(5)
Crime and Justice: The Need for Global Reform
299(22)
Diagnosing Crime
299(1)
A Culture of Lawfulness
299(4)
Cross-Validating the Index
301(2)
Country Profiles at a Glance
303(1)
Crime Alert
303(2)
Costs of Crime: The Global Crime Bill
305(1)
Lawfulness and Human Development
306(1)
The North-South ``Security Divide''
307(3)
The ``Justice Deficit''
310(1)
Security and Justice Reform First
311(6)
The UN Millennium Development Goals
317(4)
A More Secure World
318(3)
Appendix A Data Sources
321(20)
International Crime Victim Surveys (ICVS)
321(1)
Methodology
322(2)
Definitions
324(1)
Technical Note on ICVS Data Presentation
324(2)
The International Crime Business Survey (ICBS)
326(5)
The International Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS)
331(1)
The United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems
331(1)
Some Other Technical Matters
332(9)
Method for Constructing Composite Indices
332(1)
Method for Constructing Scatterplots
332(1)
Method for Constructing Bar Charts
332(9)
Appendix B Data Tables
341(72)
References 413(16)
Index 429(6)
About the Author 435


Jan Van Dijk has a degree in law and a PhD in criminology. He is a former policy director at the Dutch Ministry of Justice, professor in criminology at Leiden University and officer in charge of the crime prevention program of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Vienna. He currently holds the Pieter van Vollenhoven Chair in Victimology and Human Security at the International Victimology Institute Tilburg (INTERVICT), The Netherlands. He is a member of the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) of the Council of Europe. In 1987 he initiated the International Crime Victims Survey. He supervised the ICVSs five subsequent rounds of implementation, covering over 80 countries in all world regions. He acts as consultant of Eurostat in the design of the European Safety Survey, to be conducted in all EU member states in 2013.

He has over the years published extensively on crime statistics, the prevention of crime and victim assistance in books and peer reviewed journals as well as in literary magazines and the popular press. One his latest books is a monography on international statistics on crime and criminal justice The World of Crime (Sage, 2007). He is a past president of the World Society of Victimology and member of the American and European Societies of Criminology. In 2012 he was awarded the Stockholm Prize in Criminology for his continued leadership in the conduct of the International Crime Victims Survey over a period of 25 years.
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