Foreword: Redesigning the Nature of the Academy |
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xiii | |
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Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Introduction |
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xxi | |
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The Holistic Nature of Ecohumanism |
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xxiii | |
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Structure and Organization of the Book |
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xxiv | |
Part I. Pathways to the Ecological Culture |
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1 Emergence of a Second Enlightenment for the Ecological Culture |
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3 | (14) |
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A Second Enlightenment: Prerequisite for the Ecological Culture |
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7 | (4) |
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Closing One Door and Opening Another |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (2) |
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2 Planning and Design Perspectives for the Ecological Culture |
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17 | (18) |
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Interpretations of Nature |
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17 | (4) |
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The Scientific Field of Ecology |
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21 | (1) |
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The Human Field of Ecology |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (1) |
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Organic and Empirical Traditions |
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29 | (6) |
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Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) |
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30 | (1) |
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Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) |
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30 | (1) |
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Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) |
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31 | (1) |
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Lewis Mumford (1895-1990) |
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32 | (1) |
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Benton MacKaye (1879-1975) |
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33 | (1) |
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Artur Glikson (1911-1966) |
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33 | (1) |
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Ian L. McHarg (1920-2001) |
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34 | (1) |
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3 The Shaping of Lewis Mumford's Ecohumanism |
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35 | (36) |
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Technics and the Renewal of Life |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (10) |
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Mumford's Ecohumanism in Regional Planning |
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52 | (11) |
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Mumford's Ecohumanism in Education |
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63 | (8) |
Part II. Planning and Design: The Fusion of Theory and Practice |
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4 Ian McHarg's Theory and Method of Ecological Planning and Design |
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71 | (13) |
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71 | (4) |
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McHarg's Theory of Ecological Planning |
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75 | (6) |
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81 | (3) |
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5 Design with Nature: Planning Theory and Critiques |
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84 | (21) |
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The Rejection of Ecological Planning as Normative Planning Theory |
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85 | (4) |
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The First Critical Reviews of Design with Nature |
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89 | (4) |
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89 | (1) |
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Questioning of the Philosophy |
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90 | (1) |
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An Unsystematic and Incomplete Method |
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90 | (1) |
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Ignorance of the Ecology of the City |
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91 | (1) |
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The Need to Incorporate Political and Moral Values |
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91 | (1) |
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Vague Treatment of Population Growth |
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92 | (1) |
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The Economic Allocation of Land Resources |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (12) |
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93 | (1) |
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Exaggerated Claims of Originality |
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94 | (2) |
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Dogmatic Adherence to Environmental Determinism |
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96 | (1) |
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Ecological Inventory or Ecological Planning |
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97 | (2) |
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The Absence of a Cultural or Human Perspective |
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99 | (6) |
Part III. Ecology and Human Ecology in Planning and Design Education: A History of an Interdisciplinary Curriculum, 1936-2000 |
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6 The Academic Environments at Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania, 1936-1968 |
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105 | (32) |
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The Academic Environment at Harvard University, 1936-1950 |
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106 | (6) |
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McHarg's First Teaching Assignments, 1950-1954 |
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112 | (1) |
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McHarg's Early Years at the University of Pennsylvania, 1954-1959 |
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113 | (9) |
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Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 1960-1968 |
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122 | (15) |
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"Man and Environment," 1959-1963 |
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123 | (4) |
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Wallace-McHarg Associates, 1963-1964 |
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127 | (1) |
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Developing the Regional Planning Curriculum, 1963-1967 |
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128 | (5) |
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The Institute for Environmental Studies |
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133 | (2) |
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The Dawning of the Golden Age of Ecological Planning |
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135 | (2) |
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7 The Ecological Planning Curriculum, 1969-1973 |
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137 | (19) |
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Design with Nature, 1967-1969 |
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138 | (3) |
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Two Pivotal Nonacademic Ventures, 1969-1970 |
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141 | (2) |
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The Ecological Planning Curriculum, 1969-1972 |
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143 | (5) |
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Ecological Planning, Research, Design, and Applied Opportunities, 1970-1973 |
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148 | (5) |
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Center for Ecological Research in Planning and Design: The Medford Study |
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148 | (2) |
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Design of the Environment Program |
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150 | (1) |
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Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd, 1965-1973 |
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151 | (2) |
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Changes at the University, 1970-1973 |
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153 | (3) |
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8 The Human Ecological Planning Curriculum Is Established, 1973-1979 |
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156 | (17) |
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The Period of Transition, 1973-1974 |
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157 | (6) |
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The National Institute of Mental Health Grant |
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157 | (2) |
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Pedagogical and Practical Underpinnings of the Regional Planning Curriculum |
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159 | (4) |
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An Interdisciplinary Curriculum in a Multidisciplinary World, 1974-1979 |
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163 | (3) |
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Some New Pedagogical Engagements, 1975-1978 |
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166 | (3) |
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Ominous Portents: Cracks in the Mirror, 1978-1979 |
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169 | (4) |
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9 Increasing Disarray and the Loss in Momentum, 1980-1985 |
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173 | (18) |
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Changes outside the University Affecting the Curriculum |
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174 | (3) |
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Modifying the Pedagogical Statement and Joint Degree Programs, 1981-1985 |
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177 | (2) |
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The 501 Studio: Common Core of the Curriculum, 1981-1984 |
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179 | (7) |
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Losing the Momentum: Dilemma and Change, 1982-1985 |
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186 | (5) |
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10 Phasing Down of the Human Ecological Planning Curriculum and New Directions, 1986-2000 |
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191 | (16) |
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A New Chair and a New Emphasis, 1986-1993 |
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192 | (9) |
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A New Perception: Traditional Strengths and Process, 1994-2000 |
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201 | (3) |
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McHarg's Final Courses and Tribute, 1996-2000 |
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204 | (3) |
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11 A Retrospective Analysis of the Ecological Planning Curriculum |
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207 | (20) |
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209 | (5) |
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The Interdisciplinary Curriculum |
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214 | (8) |
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External Factors beyond the University |
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222 | (5) |
Part IV. Future Prospects for Education in the Ecological Culture |
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12 Ecological Planning: Ian McHarg's Legacy in Practice and Education |
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227 | (16) |
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McHarg's Legacy in Practice |
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227 | (7) |
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McHarg's Legacy in Education |
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234 | (5) |
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Future Educational Prospects for Ecological Planning |
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239 | (4) |
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13 A Future for Ecohumanism and the Ecological Culture: From Technology to Education |
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243 | (26) |
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The New Normal Science for Technology in the Ecological Culture |
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245 | (5) |
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Ecohumanism in Planning for the Ecological Culture |
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250 | (8) |
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Ecohumanism in Design for the Ecological Culture |
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258 | (4) |
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Ecohumanism in Education for the Ecological Culture |
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262 | (4) |
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An Ecohumanism Curriculum for the Ecological Culture |
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266 | (3) |
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267 | (1) |
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Planning and Design Studies |
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267 | (1) |
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Community Development Studies |
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267 | (1) |
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Project-Specific Practicum or Studio |
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267 | (2) |
Selected Bibliography |
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269 | (12) |
Index of Names |
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281 | (6) |
General Subject Index |
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287 | |