Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Useful Constants |
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xix | |
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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xxi | |
About the Author |
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xxvii | |
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1 | (16) |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2 Basic Principles of Satnav |
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5 | (7) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4 Book Structure and How to Use This Book |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
Part I System And Signal Engineering |
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17 | (140) |
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2 Satellite Orbits And Constellations |
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19 | (18) |
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20 | (5) |
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2.2 Orbital Deviations from Ideal |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (4) |
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2.4 Useful Geometry Calculations |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (65) |
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3.1 Signals, Signal Processing, and Spreading Modulations |
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38 | (21) |
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3.2 Effects of Doppler and of Ionospheric Propagation |
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59 | (6) |
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3.3 Satnav Signal Characteristics |
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65 | (21) |
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3.4 Satnav Signal Structure |
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86 | (6) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (7) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (20) |
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103 | (4) |
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4.2 Calculating Maximum and Minimum Specified Received Power in Signal Specifications |
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107 | (5) |
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4.3 Terrestrial Link Budgets |
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112 | (4) |
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4.4 Building Penetration and Foliage Losses |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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5 Correlator Output SNR, Effective C/No, And I/S |
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122 | (17) |
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5.1 Channel Model and Ideal Receiver Processing |
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122 | (3) |
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5.2 Correlator Output SNR With No Interference |
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125 | (2) |
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5.3 Correlator Output SNR With Interference: Spectral Separation Coefficients and Processing Gain |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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5.5 Interference-to-Signal Power Ratios and Effective C/No |
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130 | (1) |
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5.6 A Deeper Look at Spectral Separation Coefficients |
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130 | (3) |
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5.7 Multiple Access Interference and Aggregate Gain of a Constellation |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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6 Error Sources And Error Characterization |
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139 | (18) |
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6.1 Sources of Error in Satnav Positioning and Timing Calculation |
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140 | (6) |
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6.2 Dilution of Precision and Error Measures |
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146 | (4) |
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6.3 Positioning Errors for Standalone and Differential Satnav Receivers |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
Part II Satnani System Descriptions |
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157 | (134) |
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7 NAVSTAR Global Positioning System |
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163 | (38) |
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7.1 GPS History and Plans |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (28) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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8 Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems |
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201 | (11) |
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8.1 SBAS History and Plans |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (4) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (14) |
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9.1 GLONASS History and Plans |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (7) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (26) |
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10.1 Galileo History and Plans |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (18) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (14) |
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11.1 BDS History and Plans |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (5) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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12 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System |
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266 | (16) |
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12.1 QZSS History and Plans |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (10) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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13 Indian Regional Satellite System |
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282 | (9) |
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13.1 IRNSS History and Plans |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (5) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
Part III Receiver Processing |
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291 | (246) |
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297 | (36) |
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14.1 Front-End Components |
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298 | (23) |
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14.2 Front-End Noise Figure |
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321 | (2) |
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14.3 Front-End Architectures and Frequency Plans |
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323 | (5) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (2) |
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15 Analog-To-Digital Conversion |
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333 | (31) |
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15.1 Introduction to Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Automatic Gain Control |
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334 | (4) |
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15.2 Linear Analog-to-Digital Conversion |
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338 | (2) |
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15.3 Precorrelator Analog-to-Digital Conversion-The Digitizing Correlator |
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340 | (22) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (42) |
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16.1 Initial Conditions for Acquisition |
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367 | (3) |
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16.2 Initial Synchronization Basics |
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370 | (13) |
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16.3 Initial Synchronization Computation |
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383 | (9) |
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16.4 Initial Synchronization Performance |
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392 | (4) |
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16.5 Other Aspects of Acquisition |
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396 | (5) |
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401 | (2) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (2) |
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17 Discrete-Update Tracking Loops |
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406 | (22) |
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17.1 Discrete-Update Tracking Loop Formulation |
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408 | (4) |
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17.2 Discrete-Update Tracking Loop Design |
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412 | (4) |
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17.3 Tracking Loop Characterization |
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416 | (10) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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18 Carrier Tracking And Data Demodulation |
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428 | (39) |
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18.1 Signal Processing for Carrier Tracking |
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429 | (13) |
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18.2 Frequency-Locked Loops |
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442 | (5) |
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447 | (3) |
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450 | (3) |
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18.5 Data Message Demodulation |
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453 | (9) |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (2) |
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467 | (37) |
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19.1 Signal Processing for Code Tracking |
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468 | (6) |
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19.2 Discriminators for Code Tracking |
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474 | (6) |
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19.3 Carrier-Aided Code Tracking |
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480 | (1) |
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19.4 Code Tracking Performance in White Noise |
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481 | (8) |
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19.5 Code Tracking Performance in White Noise and Interference |
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489 | (3) |
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19.6 Ambiguous Code Tracking |
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492 | (6) |
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498 | (1) |
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Appendix 19.A RMS Bandwidth |
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499 | (3) |
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502 | (1) |
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502 | (2) |
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20 Position, Velocity, And Time Calculation |
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504 | (33) |
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20.1 Forming Measurements |
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505 | (3) |
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20.2 Reducing Pseudorange Errors |
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508 | (7) |
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20.3 Standard Point Positioning |
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515 | (5) |
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20.4 Blending Solutions From Multiple Satnav Systems |
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520 | (2) |
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20.5 Velocity Calculation |
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522 | (2) |
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20.6 Working with Disadvantaged Receivers |
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524 | (3) |
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20.7 Precise Point Positioning |
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527 | (2) |
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20.8 Integrity Monitoring: Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring and Fault Detection and Exclusion |
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529 | (1) |
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530 | (1) |
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531 | (3) |
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534 | (3) |
Part IV Specialized Topics |
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537 | (72) |
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539 | (12) |
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21.1 Interference Characteristics |
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540 | (1) |
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21.2 Effects of Interference on Receiver Operation |
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541 | (1) |
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21.3 Dealing with Interference |
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542 | (7) |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (1) |
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551 | (19) |
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22.1 Multipath Characteristics |
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552 | (4) |
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556 | (4) |
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22.3 Multipath Mitigation |
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560 | (7) |
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567 | (1) |
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568 | (2) |
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23 Augmentations Using Differential SATNAV |
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570 | (18) |
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23.1 Overview of Differential Satnav |
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571 | (3) |
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23.2 Code-Based Differential Systems |
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574 | (2) |
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23.3 Carrier-Based Differential Systems |
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576 | (10) |
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586 | (1) |
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586 | (2) |
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588 | (7) |
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24.1 Reducing IFU and ITU |
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590 | (1) |
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24.2 Provision of Clock Corrections, Ephemeris, and Data Message Bits |
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591 | (1) |
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592 | (1) |
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24.4 Computing Pseudoranges and Position |
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592 | (1) |
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593 | (1) |
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594 | (1) |
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25 Integrated Receiver Processing |
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595 | (14) |
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25.1 Kalman Filter Overview |
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596 | (3) |
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25.2 Loosely and Tightly Coupled Sensor-Integrated Satnav Processing |
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599 | (4) |
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25.3 Standalone Vector Tracking |
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603 | (2) |
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25.4 Ultratightly Coupled Sensor-Integrated Satnav Processing |
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605 | (1) |
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606 | (1) |
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607 | (2) |
A Theoretical Foundations |
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609 | (16) |
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A.1 Some Useful Functions and Their Properties |
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610 | (1) |
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611 | (1) |
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A.3 Signal Theory and Linear Systems Theory |
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611 | (2) |
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613 | (2) |
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A.5 Some Results for Keyed Waveforms |
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615 | (4) |
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619 | (2) |
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A.7 Matrices and Matrix Algebra |
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621 | (2) |
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A.8 Taylor Series and Linearization |
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623 | (1) |
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A.9 Coordinate System Overview |
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624 | (1) |
References |
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625 | (2) |
Index |
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627 | |