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E-book: Introduction to IoT

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  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Pub. Date: 10-Jun-2021
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108968874
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Introduction to IoTLarger Image
  • Format: PDF+DRM
  • Pub. Date: 10-Jun-2021
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • Language: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108968874
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IoT is emerging as a popular area of research and has piqued the interest of academics and scholars across the world. This book serves as a textbook and a single point of reference for readers looking to delve further into this domain. Written by leading experts in the field, this lucid and comprehensive work provides a clear understanding of the operation and scope of the IoT. Along with the description of the basic outline and technologies associated with the subject, the book discusses the IoT case studies and hands-on exercises, enabling readers to visualise the vastly interdisciplinary nature of its applications. The book also serves curious, non-technical readers, enabling them to understand necessary concepts and terminologies associated with the IoT.

This book is an excellent resource for both students and professionals, allowing them to evaluate and formulate their understanding of IoT solutions. It provides an overview of different analytical methods commonly used for IoT, along with its scope of implementation and will be useful in introductory and advanced courses.

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A valuable guide for new and experienced readers, featuring the complex and massive world of IoT and IoT-based solutions.
List of Figures
xvii
List of Tables
xxv
Foreword xxvii
Preface xxxi
PART ONE INTRODUCTION
1 Basics of Networking
3(22)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Network Types
4(6)
1.2.1 Connection types
4(2)
1.2.2 Physical topology
6(3)
1.2.3 Network reachability
9(1)
1.3 Layered Network Models
10(5)
1.3.1 OSI Model
10(4)
1.3.2 Internet protocol suite
14(1)
1.4 Addressing
15(4)
1.4.1 Data link layer addressing
15(1)
1.4.2 Network layer addressing
16(3)
1.5 TCP/IP Transport layer
19(6)
1.5.1 Connectionless service
20(1)
1.5.2 Connection-oriented service
20(2)
Summary
22(1)
Exercises
23(1)
References
23(2)
2 Basics of Network Security
25(23)
2.1 Introduction
25(2)
2.2 Security
27(1)
2.3 Network Confidentiality
28(2)
2.4 Cryptography
30(5)
2.4.1 Symmetric key cryptography
31(3)
2.4.2 Asymmetric key cryptography
34(1)
2.5 Message Integrity and Authenticity
35(3)
2.5.1 Digital signatures
36(2)
2.6 Key Management
38(2)
2.7 Internet Security
40(4)
2.7.1 Network layer security
40(1)
2.7.2 Transport layer security
41(2)
2.7.3 Application layer security
43(1)
2.8 Firewall
44(4)
Summary
46(1)
Exercises
46(1)
References
47(1)
3 Predecessors of IoT
48(27)
3.1 Introduction
48(1)
3.2 Wireless Sensor Networks
49(8)
3.2.1 Architectural components of WSN
51(6)
3.3 Machine-to-Machine Communications
57(8)
3.3.1 Architectural components of M2M
60(5)
3.4 Cyber Physical Systems
65(10)
3.4.1 Architectural components of CPS
68(1)
Summary
69(1)
Exercises
70(1)
References
70(5)
PART TWO INTERNET OF THINGS
4 Emergence of IoT
75(22)
4.1 Introduction
75(5)
4.2 Evolution of IoT
80(4)
4.2.1 IoT versus M2M
83(1)
4.2.2 IoT versus CPS
84(1)
4.2.3 IoT versus WoT
84(1)
4.3 Enabling IoT and the Complex Interdependence of Technologies
84(3)
4.4 IoT Networking Components
87(2)
4.5 Addressing Strategies in IoT
89(8)
4.5.1 Address management classes
91(1)
4.5.2 Addressing during node mobility
92(3)
Summary
95(1)
Exercises
95(1)
References
96(1)
5 IoT Sensing and Actuation
97(18)
5.1 Introduction
97(1)
5.2 Sensors
98(4)
5.3 Sensor Characteristics
102(1)
5.4 Sensorial Deviations
103(1)
5.5 Sensing Types
104(2)
5.5.1 Scalar sensing
104(1)
5.5.2 Multimedia sensing
105(1)
5.5.3 Hybrid sensing
105(1)
5.5.4 Virtual sensing
106(1)
5.6 Sensing Considerations
106(2)
5.7 Actuators
108(1)
5.8 Actuator Types
109(2)
5.8.1 Hydraulic actuators
109(1)
5.8.2 Pneumatic actuators
109(1)
5.8.3 Electric actuators
109(1)
5.8.4 Thermal or magnetic actuators
110(1)
5.8.5 Mechanical actuators
110(1)
5.8.6 Soft actuators
111(1)
5.8.7 Shape memory polymers
111(1)
5.9 Actuator Characteristics
111(4)
Summary
112(1)
Exercises
113(1)
References
113(2)
6 IoT Processing Topologies and Types
115(13)
6.1 Data Format
115(2)
6.1.1 Structured data
116(1)
6.1.2 Unstructured data
116(1)
6.2 Importance of Processing in IoT
117(1)
6.3 Processing Topologies
118(2)
6.3.1 On-site processing
118(1)
6.3.2 Off-site processing
119(1)
6.4 IoT Device Design and Selection Considerations
120(2)
6.5 Processing Offloading
122(6)
6.5.1 Offload location
123(1)
6.5.2 Offload decision making
124(1)
6.5.3 Offloading considerations
125(1)
Summary
126(1)
Exercises
126(1)
References
127(1)
7 IoT Connectivity Technologies
128(35)
7.1 Introduction
128(1)
7.2 IEEE 802.15.4
129(2)
7.3 Zigbee
131(3)
7.4 Thread
134(2)
7.5 ISA100.11A
136(3)
7.6 WirelessHART
139(2)
7.7 RFID
141(1)
7.8 NFC
142(2)
7.9 DASH7
144(2)
7.10 Z-Wave
146(2)
7.11 Weightless
148(1)
7.12 Sigfox
149(2)
7.13 LoRa
151(2)
7.14 NB-IoT
153(1)
7.15 Wi-Fi
154(2)
7.16 Bluetooth
156(7)
Summary
158(1)
Exercises
158(3)
References
161(2)
8 IoT Communication Technologies
163(51)
8.1 Introduction
163(3)
8.1.1 Constrained nodes
164(1)
8.1.2 Constrained networks
164(1)
8.1.3 Types of constrained devices
165(1)
8.1.4 Low power and lossy networks
165(1)
8.2 Infrastructure Protocols
166(15)
8.2.1 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)
166(4)
8.2.2 LOADng
170(1)
8.2.3 RPL
171(2)
8.2.4 6LoWPAN
173(3)
8.2.5 QUIC
176(2)
8.2.6 Micro internet protocol (uIP)
178(1)
8.2.7 Nano internet protocol (nanoIP)
179(1)
8.2.8 Content-centric networking (CCN)
180(1)
8.3 Discovery Protocols
181(3)
8.3.1 Physical web
181(2)
8.3.2 Multicast DNS (mDNS)
183(1)
8.3.3 Universal plug and play (UPnP)
183(1)
8.4 Data Protocols
184(16)
8.4.1 MQTT
185(2)
8.4.2 MQTT-SN
187(1)
8.4.3 CoAP
188(3)
8.4.4 AMQP
191(2)
8.4.5 XMPP
193(2)
8.4.6 SOAP
195(1)
8.4.7 REST
196(2)
8.4.8 WebSocket
198(2)
8.5 Identification Protocols
200(4)
8.5.1 EPC
200(1)
8.5.2 uCode
201(2)
8.5.3 URIs
203(1)
8.6 Device Management
204(2)
8.6.1 TR-069
204(1)
8.6.2 OMA-DM
205(1)
8.7 Semantic Protocols
206(8)
8.7.1 JSON-LD
207(1)
8.7.2 Web thing model
208(1)
Summary
208(1)
Exercises
209(2)
References
211(3)
9 IoT Interoperability
214(23)
9.1 Introduction
214(3)
9.1.1 Taxonomy of interoperability
216(1)
9.2 Standards
217(11)
9.2.1 EnOcean
217(1)
9.2.2 DLNA
218(2)
9.2.3 Konnex
220(1)
9.2.4 UPnP
221(2)
9.2.5 LonWorks
223(1)
9.2.6 Insteon
224(2)
9.2.7 X-10
226(2)
9.3 Frameworks
228(9)
9.3.1 universAAL
228(1)
9.3.2 AUJoyn
229(1)
9.3.3 IoTivity
230(1)
9.3.4 Brillo and Weave
231(1)
9.3.5 HomeKit
231(1)
Summary
232(1)
Exercises
232(1)
References
233(4)
PART THREE ASSOCIATED IOT TECHNOLOGIES
10 Cloud Computing
237(19)
10.1 Introduction
237(2)
10.2 Virtualization
239(3)
10.2.1 Advantages of virtualization
239(2)
10.2.2 Types of virtualization
241(1)
10.3 Cloud Models
242(3)
10.4 Service-Level Agreement in Cloud Computing
245(1)
10.4.1 Importance of SLA
245(1)
10.4.2 Metrics for SLA
245(1)
10.5 Cloud Implementation
246(3)
10.5.1 Cloud simulation
246(1)
10.5.2 An open-source cloud: OpenStack
247(1)
10.5.3 A commercial cloud: Amazon web services (AWS)
248(1)
10.6 Sensor-Cloud: Sensors-as-a-Service
249(7)
10.6.1 Importance of sensor-cloud
249(3)
10.6.2 Architecture of a sensor-cloud platform
252(2)
Summary
254(1)
Exercises
254(1)
References
255(1)
11 Fog Computing and Its Applications
256(15)
11.1 Introduction
256(4)
11.1.1 Essential characteristics in fog computing
257(1)
11.1.2 Fog nodes
258(1)
11.1.3 Fog node deployment model
259(1)
11.2 View of a Fog Computing Architecture
260(4)
11.2.1 Node view
260(1)
11.2.2 System view
261(1)
11.2.3 Software view
262(2)
11.3 Fog Computing in IoT
264(1)
11.3.1 Importance of fog computing
264(1)
11.3.2 Time sensitiveness in fog computing
265(1)
11.4 Selected Applications of Fog Computing
265(6)
Summary
267(1)
Exercises
268(1)
References
268(3)
PART FOUR IOT CASE STUDIES AND FUTURE TRENDS
12 Agricultural IoT
271(12)
12.1 Introduction
271(5)
12.1.1 Components of an agricultural IoT
272(3)
12.1.2 Advantages of IoT in agriculture
275(1)
12.2 Case Studies
276(7)
12.2.1 In-situ assessment of leaf area index using IoT-based agricultural system
276(2)
12.2.2 Smart irrigation management system
278(3)
Summary
281(1)
Exercises
281(1)
References
282(1)
13 Vehicular IoT
283(10)
13.1 Introduction
283(10)
13.1.1 Components of vehicular IoT
285(2)
13.1.2 Advantages of vehicular IoT
287(1)
13.1.3 Crime assistance in a smart IoT transportation system
288(3)
Summary
291(1)
Exercises
291(1)
References
292(1)
14 Healthcare IoT
293(13)
14.1 Introduction
293(7)
14.1.1 Components of healthcare IoT
295(3)
14.1.2 Advantages and risk of healthcare IoT
298(2)
14.2 Case Studies
300(6)
14.2.1 AmbuSens system
300(4)
Summary
304(1)
Exercises
304(1)
References
304(2)
15 Paradigms, Challenges, and the Future
306(15)
15.1 Introduction
306(1)
15.2 Evolution of New IoT Paradigms
307(3)
15.2.1 Internet of battlefield things (IoBT)
307(1)
15.2.2 Internet of vehicles (IoV)
307(1)
15.2.3 Internet of underwater things (IoUT)
308(1)
15.2.4 Internet of drones (IoD)
308(1)
15.2.5 Internet of space (IoSpace)
308(1)
15.2.6 Internet of services (IoS)
309(1)
15.2.7 Internet of people (IoP)
309(1)
15.2.8 Internet of nano things (IoNT)
309(1)
15.2.9 Internet of everything (IoE)
310(1)
15.3 Challenges Associated with IoT
310(3)
15.3.1 Mobility
310(1)
15.3.2 Addressing
311(1)
15.3.3 Power
311(1)
15.3.4 Heterogeneous connectivity
311(1)
15.3.5 Communication range
312(1)
15.3.6 Security
312(1)
15.3.7 Device size
313(1)
15.3.8 Interoperability
313(1)
15.4 Emerging Pillars of IoT
313(8)
15.4.1 Big data
313(1)
15.4.2 Cloud/fog/edge computing
314(1)
15.4.3 5G and beyond
314(1)
15.4.4 Artificial intelligence (AI)/Machine learning (ML)
314(1)
15.4.5 Cognitive communication networks
315(1)
15.4.6 Network function virtualization (NFV)
315(1)
15.4.7 Software-defined networks (SDN)
316(1)
15.4.8 Phantom networks
316(1)
Summary
316(1)
Exercises
317(1)
References
317(4)
PART FIVE IOT HANDS-ON
16 Beginning IoT Hardware Projects
321(34)
16.1 Introduction to Arduino Boards
321(8)
16.1.1 Arduino vs. Raspberry Pi: Choosing a board
321(1)
16.1.2 Arduino installation and setup
322(5)
16.1.3 Setting up Arduino IDE for NodeMCU
327(2)
16.2 Writing an Arduino Sketch
329(1)
16.3 Hands-on Experiments with Arduino
329(11)
16.3.1 Printing on the serial console
329(1)
16.3.2 LED interface with Arduino'
330(1)
16.3.3 DHT Sensor interface with NodeMCU
331(1)
16.3.4 MQ-2 Gas sensor interface with NodeMCU
332(1)
16.3.5 Ultrasonic sensor interface with NodeMCU
333(1)
16.3.6 Obstacle detection using NodeMCU
334(2)
16.3.7 Servo motor interface with NodeMCU
336(1)
16.3.8 Relay interface with NodeMCU
337(1)
16.3.9 Data transmission between NodeMCU and remote server
338(1)
16.3.10 Pulse sensor interface with NodeMCU
339(1)
16.4 Introduction to Raspberry Pi Boards
340(5)
16.4.1 Installation
340(1)
16.4.2 Remotely accessing the Raspberry Pi
341(1)
16.4.3 Introduction to Python basics
342(1)
16.4.4 Accessing GPIO pins
343(2)
16.4.5 Configuring WiFi on Raspberry Pi
345(1)
16.5 Hands-on Experiments with Raspberry Pi
345(10)
16.5.1 Printing on console/terminal
345(1)
16.5.2 LED interface
345(2)
16.5.3 PiCamera interface
347(2)
16.5.4 DHT Sensor interface
349(1)
16.5.5 Client-server socket programming
350(1)
16.5.6 Serially reading data from Arduino
350(3)
Summary
353(1)
Exercises
353(2)
17 IoT Analytics
355
17.1 Introduction
355(6)
17.1.1 Machine learning
356(1)
17.1.2 Advantages of ML
356(2)
17.1.3 Challenges in ML
358(1)
17.1.4 Types of ML
358(3)
17.2 Selected Algorithms in ML
361(9)
17.2.1 k-nearest neighbor (KNN)
361(2)
17.2.2 Decision tree
363(1)
17.2.3 Random forest
364(2)
17.2.4 k-means clustering
366(1)
17.2.5 Agglomerative clustering
367(1)
17.2.6 Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering
368(2)
17.3 Performance Metrics for Evaluating ML Algorithms
370
Summary
374(1)
Exercises
374(1)
Conceptual Questions
375
Sudip Misra is Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He holds several years of experience working in academia, government and corporate sectors. He has published over 300 research papers and has 11 books in allied areas of IoT to his credit. He is an Associate Editor of IEEE TMC, TVT and IEEE Network. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences (India), IET (UK), and BCS (UK), and is a distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society. Anandarup Mukherjee is the co-founder and director of SensorDrops Networks Pvt. Ltd., an IoT startup incubated at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He works in the domain of IoT and unmanned aerial vehicle swarms. He has published more than thirty research papers. Arijit Roy is the co-founder and director of SensorDrops Networks Pvt. Ltd. He is a senior researcher in the smart wireless applications and networking (SWAN) lab of the Institute. His primary research areas include IoT, sensor networks, and sensor-cloud.
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