National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Independent Study on Potential Environ
In response to the buildup of U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals during the Cold War, a series of major scientific studies conducted in the 1980s issued warnings about the potential for a nuclear winter scenario - the possibility that a large-scale...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Assessing and Improving Strategies for Preventing, Countering, and Responding to We
For nearly eight decades, the world has been navigating the dangers of the nuclear age. Despite Cold War tensions and the rise of global terrorism, nuclear weapons have not been used in conflict since Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Efforts such as...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Mat
High magnetic fields are a vital tool in many areas of science and technology that impact our everyday lives. Magnetic resonance imaging enables a wide range of medical diagnostics and research, while nuclear magnetic resonance is critical for drug...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Engineering, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on En
The world confronts an existential challenge in responding to climate change, resulting in an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors of the economy. What will it take for new and advanced nuclear reactors to play a role in...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Supplemental Treatment of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in the state of Washington produced about two-thirds of the nations plutonium for nuclear weapons from 1944 until the last reactor was shut down in 1987. The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Managem...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Env
The U.S. Department of Energys Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) was established by Congress in 1989 to remediate waste and environmental contamination that have resulted from nuclear weapons production and related activities. It has...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, C
The United States has deployed commercial nuclear power since the 1950s, and as of 2021, nuclear power accounts for approximately 20 percent of U.S. electricity generation. The current commercial nuclear fleet consists entirely of thermal-spectrum,...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Supplemental Treatment of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington state, which produced plutonium for nuclear weapons from 1944-1987, is the site of the largest and most complex nuclear cleanup challenge in the United States. The U.S. Department of Energys Office of E...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Developing a Long-Term Strategy for Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United State
Radiation exposure at low doses (below 100 milligray) or low-dose rates (less than 5 milligray per hour) occurs in a wide range of medical, industrial, military, and commercial settings. The effects of exposure at these levels are not fully understo...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Engineering, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on En
Fusion energy offers the prospect of addressing the nations energy needs and contributing to the transition to a low-carbon emission electrical generation infrastructure. Technology and research results from U.S. investments in the major fusion bur...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Health and Medicine Division, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Health Sciences Polic
Astronauts face unique health-related risks during crewed space missions, and longer-duration missions that extend to greater distances in our solar system (including to the Moon and Mars) will likely increase those risks. Cancer risks due to ionizi...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies
Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Env
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies have conducted activities to develop atomic energy for civilian and defense purposes since the initiation of the World War II Manhattan Project in 1942. These activities took place at...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Disposal of Surplus Plutonium at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued an Interim Report evaluating the general viability of the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administrations (DOE-NNSAs) conceptual plans for disposin...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Supplemental Treatment of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
The U.S. Department of Energys Office of Environmental Management is responsible for managing and cleaning up the waste and contamination at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, the nations biggest and most complex nuclear cleanup challenge. At the si...Lasīt vairāk
Exposures at low doses of radiation, generally taken to mean doses below 100 millisieverts, are of primary interest for setting standards for protecting individuals against the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. However, there are considerable u...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Supplemental Treatment of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumapproxi...Lasīt vairāk
Accidents and terrorist attacks that lead to the release of radioactive materials can cause deaths, injuries, and a range of psychosocial effects in the surrounding community and team of emergency responders. In the United States, federal, state, an...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy's Def
The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2017 contained a request for a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine review and assessment of science and technology development efforts within the Department of Energys Off...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Disposal of Surplus Plutonium at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
Disposal of Surplus Plutonium at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Interim Report evaluates the general viability of the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administrations (DOE-NNSAs) conceptual plans for disposing of 34 metric t...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Supplemental Treatment of Low-Activity Waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation
In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons. During 45 years of operations, the Hanford Site produced about 67 metric tonnes of plutoniumapproxi...Lasīt vairāk
Participants of the July 17-18, 2017, symposium titled Opportunities and Approaches for Supplying Molybdenum-99 and Associated Medical Isotopes to Global Markets examined current trends in molybdenum-99 production, prospects for new global supplies,...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Planning Committee on Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition: A Workshop, Jennifer Hei
The Department of Energys Office of Environmental Management (DOE) is responsible for the safe cleanup of sites used for nuclear weapons development and government-sponsored nuclear energy research. Low-level radioactive waste (LLW) is the most vol...Lasīt vairāk
Most countries in the world use the SI (Systčme International, also known as the metric system) units for radiation measurements in commercial and technical activities. The United States, in contrast, uses a mix of SI and conventional units for radi...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on State of Molybdenum-99 Production and Utilization and Progress Toward Eliminating U
The decay product of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and associated medical isotopes iodine-131 (I-131) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) are used worldwide for medical diagnostic imaging or therapy. The United States consum...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident for Improving Safety and Securi
The U.S. Congress asked the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a technical study on lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident for improving safety and security of commercial nuclear power plants in the United States. This stud...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on the Current Status of and Progress Toward Eliminating Highly Enriched Uranium Use i
The continued presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian installations such as research reactors poses a threat to national and international security. Minimization, and ultimately elimination, of HEU in civilian research reactors worldwi...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Materials and Manufacturing Board
Passenger screening at commercial airports in the United States has gone through significant changes since the events of September 11, 2001. In response to increased concern over terrorist attacks on aircrafts, the Transportation Security Administra...Lasīt vairāk
The Science of Responding to a Nuclear Reactor Accident summarizes the presentations and discussions of the May 2014 Gilbert W. Beebe Symposium titled The Science and Response to a Nuclear Reactor Accident. The symposium, dedicated in honor of the...Lasīt vairāk
National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Board on the Health of Select Populations, Committee on Research Directions in Human Biological Effects of Low-Level Ionizing Radiation
It is probably only a matter of time before we witness the next event in which large numbers of people are exposed to ionizing radiation. In the past, planning a response to such an occurrence would have likely focused on the management of casualtie...Lasīt vairāk
